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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing?
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00232_Field_frep119b.txt
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1996-12-30
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RECOVERY
We next asked whether any
recovery in physiology in a
monkey could be obtained by
opening the eye that had been
closed. The answer was that
after a week or more of eye
closure, little or no
physiological recovery ever
occurred if the closed eye was
simply opened and nothing else
done. Even a few years later,
the cortex was about as
abnormal as it would have been
at the time of reopening the
eye, as shown in the left graph
to the left. If at the time of
reopening, the other,
originally open eye was closed,
in a procedure called eye
reversal, recovery did occur but
only if the reversal was done
when the monkey was still in
the critical period, as shown in
the middle and right-hand
graphs to the left for early and
late eye reversal. After the
critical period, even an eye
reversal followed by several
years with the second eye
closed failed to bring about
anything more than slight
recovery in the anatomy or
physiology.
Left: One eye was closed at birth
for nine days in this monkey
and then opened. The
recordings were done four years
later, during which time the
animal had had much testing of
its vision. Even that long a
period with both eyes open
produced little recovery in the
physiology. Middle: The right
eye in this macaque monkey
was closed at birth. At five and a
half weeks the right eyelids
were opened and the left closed.
When at six months the
recording was made from the
right hemisphere, most of the
cells strongly favored the right,
originally closed eye. Right: In
this macaque monkey the right
eye was closed at seven days,
for one year, at which time the
right eye was opened and the
left was closed. After another
year, the left eye was opened,
and both remained open. When
finally the recording was made
at three and a half years, most
cells favored the eye that was
originally open. Evidently one
year is too late to do a reverse
suture.
The monkey's ability to see
did not necessarily closely
parallel the cortical physiology.
Without reversal, the originally
closed eye never recovered its
sight. With reversal, sight did
return and often approached
normal levels, but this was so
even in late reversals, in
which the physiology remained
very abnormal in the originally
closed eye. We still do not
understand this disparity
between the lack of substantial
physiological or anatomical
recovery and what in some
cases seemed to be considerable
restoration of vision. Perhaps
the two sets of tests are
measuring different things. We
tested the acuity of vision by
measuring the ability to
discriminate such things as the
smallest detectable gap in a line
or circle. But testing this type
of acuity may yield an
incomplete measure of visual
function. It seems hard to
believe that such florid
physiological and anatomical
deficits in function and
structure would be reflected
behaviorally by nothing more
than the minor fall in acuity
we measured.